Syndromes commonly asked in PGMEE – Part 1
- AFFERENT LOOP SYNDROME: Gastrojejunal loop obstruction, proximal to a gastrojejunostomy. features – Ingestion of food produces nausea, pain, and duodenal distension.
- ASHERMAN’S SYNDROME: Adhesions within the endometrial cavity, causing amenorrhea and infertility. Adhesions probably secondary to surgery.
- ADAMS-STOKES SYNDROME: Heart block, with slow or absent pulse, often accompanied by convulsions.
- BROWN-SEQUARD SYNDROME: Iinjury or damage to half of spinal cord
Symptoms:
- Loss of pain and temperature sensation on contralateral side of body.
- Loss of proprioception and discriminatory touch on ipsilateral side of body.
- BARLOW SYNDROME: Also called Floppy Mitral Valve Syndrome; Massive Mitral Valve Prolapse. features – Late apical systolic murmur, systolic click, or both.
- BEHCET’S SYNDROME: Vasculitis. Secondary symptoms:
- Oral and genital ulcers
- Uveitis
- Optic atrophy
- CARCINOID SYNDROME: Carcinoid tumor producing Bradykinin + Serotonin ——> secondary symptoms:
- Cyanotic flushing
- Diarrhea
- Bronchial spasm
- Edema, ascites.
- EISENMENGER’S SYNDROME: Ventricular-Septal Defect features – Pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis.
- FLOPPY-VALVE SYNDROME: Myxomatous degeneration of the valves causing .
- GARDNER’S SYNDROME: Multiple inherited tumors, hereditary dominant trait.
- Skull osteomas, Fibromas, Epidermoid cysts
- Colonic polyposis (APC gene) ——> predisposition to colonic adenocarcinoma.
- LAMBERT-EATON SYNDROME: Progressive proximal muscle weakness secondary to a carcinoma. may be confused with Parkinsonism.
- LERICHE’S SYNDROME: Aortoiliac Occlusion. Occlusion of distal aorta, mainly at the bifurcation of descending aorta. Present with
- Hip, thigh, and calf fatigue.
- Impotence
- MEIGS’ SYNDROME: Fibroma of ovary with ascites and hydrothorax
- PANCOAST SYNDROME: Occurs due to Tumor near pulmonary apex
- Neuritic pain of chest and arm
- Muscle atrophy of the arm
- Horner’s Syndrome (impaired cervical sympathetics)
- PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME: Polyposis (hamartomas) of small intestine
- Also see melanin pigmentation of buccal mucosa and skin around mouth and lips
- SHOULDER-HAND SYNDROME: Pain in shoulder and swelling in hand, sometimes occurring after Myocardial Infarction.
- SICK SINUS SYNDROME: Chaotic atrial activity; continual changes in P-Waves. Bradycardia, alternating with recurrent ectopic beats and runs of tachycardia.
- SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME: Caused by obstruction of Superior Vena Cava by tumor. Obstruction of SVC features
- Edema
- Engorgement of the vessels of face, neck, and arms.
- Nonproductive cough
- Dyspnea
- TAKAYASU’S SYNDROME: Arteritis of the Aortic Arch, resulting in no pulse. Seen in young children. Females > Males.
- WOLF-PARKINSON WHITE SYNDROME: Paroxysmal Tachycardia seen on ECG. Features –
- Short PR interval
- Delta wave (early QRS complex).
- ULYSSES SYNDROME: Ill effects from follow-up diagnostic tests following a false-positive screening test.
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